Ward Home

Department of Geosciences 
217 Guyot Hall 
Princeton University 
Princeton, NJ 08544
Phone: (609) 258-5150
Fax: (609) 258-0796
E-Mail:

PUBLICATIONS

Ward, B. B. and G. D. O’Mullan. Community level analysis:  Genetic and biogeochemcial approaches to investigate community composition and function in aerobic ammonia oxidation.  In: Methods in Enzymology, 397:395-413 (2005) 

Ward, B. B. Temporal variability in nitrification rates and related biogeochemical factors in Monterey Bay, California. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 292: 97-109 (2005)

Ward, B. B. Molecular approaches to marine microbial ecology and the marine nitrogen cycle.  In:  Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science, 33:092203.122514 (2005)

Song, B., and B. B. Ward.  Diversity of benzoyl-CoA reductase genes in aromatic compound degrading denitrifying bacteria and in environmental samples, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 2036-2045 (2005)

Ward, B. B., J. Granger, M. T. Maldonado, K. L. Casciotti, S. Harris and M. L. Wells.  Denitrification in the hypolimnion of permanently ice-covered Lake Boney, Antarctica Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 52: 197-205 (2005)

Casciotti, K. L. and B. B. Ward.  Nitric oxide reductase (norB) genes identified in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,  FEMS Microbial Ecology, 52: 197-205 (2005)

Allen, A. E., B. Song and B. B. Ward. Characterization of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) nitrate reductase genes and detection of eukaryotic nitrate reductase genes from marine waters. Journal of Phycology, 41: 95-104 (2005)

O’Mullan, G. D. and B. B. Ward. Comparison of temporal and spatial variability of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to nitrification rates in Monterey Bay, CA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 697-705 (2005)

Jiang, W., A. Saxena, B. Song, B. B. Ward, T. J. Beveridge, S. C. B. Myneni.  Elucidation of functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial surfaces using infrared spectroscopy, Langmuir, 20 11433-11442 (2004)

Song, B., and B. B. Ward.  Molecular characterization of the assimilatory nitrate reductase gene and its expression in the marine green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Journal of Phycology, 40: 721-731 (2004)

Jenkins, B. D., G. F. Steward, S. M. Short, B. B. Ward and J. P. Zehr.  Fingerprinting diazotroph communities in the Chesapeake Bay by using a DNA macroarray. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 1767-1776 (2004).

Steward, G. F., B. D. Jenkins, B. B. Ward and J. P. Zehr. Development and testing of a DNA macroarray to assess nitrogenase (nifH) gene diversity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 1455-1465 (2004).

Jayakumar, D. A., C. A. Francis, S. W. A. Naqvi and B. B. Ward. Diversity of nitrite reductase genes in the denitrifyingwater column of the coastal Arabian Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology,  34: 69-78 (2004).

Francis, C. A., G. D. O’Mullan and B. B. Ward. Diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes across environmental gradients in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Geobiology, 1: 129-140 (2003)

Ward, B. B.   Significance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the ocean. Trends in Microbiology, 11: 408-410 (2003)

Casciotti, K. L., D. M. Sigman and B. B. Ward.  Linking diversity and biogeochemistry in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Geomicrobiology Journal, 20: 335-353 (2003)

Taroncher-Oldenburg, G, E. Griner, C. A. Francis and B. B. Ward. Oligonucleotide microarray for the study of functional gene diversity of the nitrogen cycle in the environment, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 1159-1171 (2003)

Ward, B. B., J. Granger, M. T. Maldonado and M. L. Wells. What limits bacterial production in the suboxic region of permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney, Antarctica? Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 31: 33-47 (2003)

Caffrey, J. M., N. E. Harrington, I. P. Solem and B. B. Ward. Biogeochemical Processes in a Small California Estuary, Elkhorn Slough, CA.: 2. Nitrification Activity, Community Structure and Role in Nitrogen Budgets, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 248: 27-40 (2003)

Song, B. and B. B. Ward. Nitrite reductase genes in halobenzoate degrading denitrifyng bacteria and related species. FEMS Microbial Ecology, 34: 349-357. (2003)

Granger, J. and B. B. Ward. Accumulation of nitrogen oxides in copper-limited cultures of denitrifying bacteria. Limnology and Oceanography, 48: 313-318 (2003

)Ward, B. B. and G. D. O'Mullan.  Ammonia-oxidizing Gamma-Proteobacteria detected in seawater by PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA and AmoA genes, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 4153-4157 (2002)

Ward, B. B.  How many species of prokaryotes are there?  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, US. 99:10234-10236 (2002)

Caffrey, J. M., N. E. Harrington and B B. Ward. Biogeochemical Processes in a Small California Estuary: 1. Benthic Fluxes and Pore Water Constituents Reflect High Nutrient Freshwater Inputs, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 233: 39-53 (2002)

Ward, B. B. Nitrification in Aquatic Systems. Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, D. A Capone, Ed., Wiley & Sons, New York, Pp. 2144-2167 (2002)

Zehr, J. P, and B. B. Ward. Nitrogen cycling in the ocean: new perspectives on processes and paradigms.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 1015-1024 (2002)

Ward, B. B. and D. A. Bronk.  Net nitrogen uptake and DON release in surface waters:  Size fraction experiments implicate grazing and community structure in DON release.  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 219: 11-24. (2001)

Golet, D. S. and B. B. Ward.  Vertical distribution of denitrification  potential, denitrifying bacteria and benzoate utilization in intertidal microbial mat communities.  Microbial Ecology, 42: 22-34 (2001)

Casciotti, K. A. and B. B. Ward. Nitrite reductase genes in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67: 2213-2221 (2001)

Bothe, H., G. Jost, M. Schloter, B. B. Ward and K.-P. Witzel. Molecular analysis of ammonia oxidation and denitrification  in natural environments. FEMS Microbiological Reviews, 24: 673-690 (2000)

Ward, B. B.  2000. Nitrification and the marine nitrogen cycle.  In: D. Kirchman, ed. Microbial Ecology, Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 427-454 (2000).

Bronk, D. A. and B. B. Ward. Magnitude of DON release relative to gross nitrogen uptake in marine systems.  Limnology and Oceanography, 45: 1879-1883 (2000)

Ward, B. B.  Nitrification and the marine nitrogen cycle.  In: D. Kirchman, ed. Microbial Ecology, Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 427-454 (2000). 

Ward, B. B., D. A.  Martino, C. D. Diaz and S. B. Joye.  Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline Mono Lake, California on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66: 2873-2881 (2000). 

Bronk, D. A. and B. B. Ward. Gross and net nitrogen uptake and DON release in the euphotic zone of Monterey Bay, California. Limnology and Oceanography, 44:573-585 (1999). 

Voytek, M. A., J. C. Priscu and B. B. Ward.  The distribution and relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica.  Hydrobiologia, 401: 113-130 (1999) 

Francis, C. A., A. K. Francis, D. S. Golet and B. B. Ward.  Quantification of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene homology abundance in intertidal sediments.  Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 15: 225-231. (1998) 

Hogan, M. E. and B. B. Ward. Acclimation of a marine microbial  sediment community to simulated in situ exposure of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Microbial Ecology, 35: 72-82. (1998) 

Voytek, M. A., B. B. Ward and J. C. Priscu.  The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in Lake Bonney, Antarctica determined by immunofluorescence, PCR and in situ hybridization. Antarctic Research Series, The McMurdo Dry Valleys, pp. 217-228. (1998) 

Diaz, C. M. and B. B. Ward.  Sponge mediated nitrification  in tropical benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 156: 97-107. (1997) 

Bard, D. G. and B. B. Ward.  A species-specific bacterial productivity method using immunomagnetic separation and radiotracer experiments. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 28: 207-219. (1997) 

Ward, B.B. and J.C. Priscu.  Detection and characterization of denitrifying bacteria  in an ice-covered Antarctic Lake. Hydrobiologia, 347: 57-68. (1997) 

Ward, B. B., K. J. Courtney and J. H. Langenheim. Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europaea by monoterpenes from coastal redwood (Sequois sempervirens) in whole cell studies. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23: 2583-2598. (1997) 

Ward, B.B., M.A. Voytek, K.-P. Witzel.  Population diversity of ammonium oxidizers investigated by specific PCR amplification.  Microbial Ecology, 33: 87-96. (1997) 

Ward, B.B. Nitrification and denitrification:  Probing the nitrogen cycle in aquatic environments.  Microbial Ecology, 32: 247-261. (1996) 

Ward, B. B.  Nitrification  and ammonification  in aquatic systems.  Life Supp. Biosph. Sci., 3: 25-29. (1996) 

Ward, B.B..  Functional and taxonomic probes for bacteria  in the nitrogen cycle. Ed. I. Joint, NATO workshop on Molecular Ecology of Aquatic Microbes, pp. 73-86. (1995) 

Ward, B.B.   Diversity in denitrifying bacteria:  Limits of DNA RFLP analysis and probes for the functional gene, nitrite reductase.  Archives of Microbiology, 163:  167-175. (1995) 

Voytek, M.A.  and B.B. Ward.  Detection of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria of the beta-subdivision proteobacteria  in aquatic samples using the polymerase chain reaction.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61:  1441-1450. (1995) 

Bronk, D.A., P.M. Glibert and B.B. Ward.  Nitrogen uptake, dissolved organic nitrogen release and new production.  Science, 265:  1843-1846. (1994) 

Miller, L.G. ,  M.D. Coutlakis, R.S. Oremland and B.B. Ward.  Selective inhibition of nitrification (ammonium oxidation) by methylfluoride and dimethyl ether.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59:  2457-2464. (1993) 

Ward, B.B., A.R. Cockcroft and K.A. Kilpatrick.  Antibody and DNA probes for detection of nitrite  reductase in seawater.  Journal of General Microbiology, 139:  2285-2293.  (1993) 

Ward, B.B. and A.R. Cockcroft.  Immunofluorescence detection of the denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas perfectomarina, in seawater and intertidal sediment environments.  Microbial Ecology, 25:  233-246. (1993) 

Ward, B.B. and K.A. Kilpatrick.  Methane oxidation associated with mid-depth methane maxima in the Southern California Bight.  Continental Shelf Research, 13:  1111-1122. (1993) 

Kerkhof, L.J. and B.B. Ward.  Comparison of nucleic acid hybridization and fluorometry  for measurement of RNA/DNA relationship with growth rate in a marine bacterium.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59:  1303-1309. (1993) 

Hansell, D.A., B.B. Ward and P.M. Williams.  Measurements of DOC and DON in the Southern California Bight using oxidation by high temperature combustion.  Deep-Sea Research, 40:  219-234. (1993) 

DeLong, E.F. and B.B. Ward.  Biological oceanography from a molecular perspective.  Oceanus 35:  47-54. (1992) 

Ward, B.B.  The subsurface methane maximum in the Southern California Bight.  Continental Shelf Research, 12: 735-752. (1992) 

Ward, B.B.   Nitrogen cycle of the sea.  Encyclopedia of Earth System Science, Academic Press, Inc., 3:  295-206. (1992) 

Ward, B.B. and K.A. Kilpatrick.  Nitrogen transformations in the oxic layer of permanent anoxic basins: The Black Sea and the Cariaco Trench.  E. Izdar and J.W. Murray (eds.): Black Sea Oceanography, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 111-124. (1991) 

Reeburgh, W.S., B.B. Ward, S.C. Whalen, K.A. Sandbeck, K.A. Kilpatrick, and L.J. Kerkhof.  Black Sea Methane Geochemistry.  Deep Sea Research. (1991) 

Ward, B.B.  Immunology in Biological Oceanography and Marine Ecology. The Oceanography Magazine, 3:  30-35. (1991) 

Ward, B.B.  and K.A. Kilpatrick.  Relationship between substrate concentration and oxidation of ammonium and methane in a stratified water column.  Continental Shelf Research, 10:  1193-1208. (1990) 

Lipschultz, F., S.C. Wofsy, B.B. Ward, L.A. Codispoti, G. Friederich, and J.W. Elkins.  Bacterial transformations of inorganic nitrogen in the oxygen deficient waters of the eastern tropical south Pacific Ocean.  Deep-Sea Research, 37:  1513-1541. (1990) 

Ward, B.B.  Kinetics of ammonia oxidation by a marine nitrifying bacterium:  Methane as a substrate analogue.  Microbial Ecology, 19:  211-226. (1990) 

Ward, B.B., H.E. Glover, and F. Lipschultz.  Chemoautotrophic activity and nitrifi-cation  in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru.  Deep-Sea Res., 36: 1031-1051. (1989) 

Ward, B.B., K.A. Kilpatrick, E. Renger, and R.W. Eppley.  Biological nitrogen cycling in the nitracline.  Limnol. Oceanogr., 34:  493-513. (1989) 

Spinrad, R.W., H.E. Glover, B.B. Ward, L. A. Codispoti, and G. Kullenberg.  Suspended particle  and bacterial maxima in Peruvian coastal waters during a cold water anomaly.  Deep-Sea Res., 36:  715-733. (1989) 

Ward, B.B., K.A. Kilpatrick, A.E. Wopat, E.C. Minnich, and M.E. Lidstrom.  Methane oxidation in Saanich Inlet during summer stratification.  Continental Shelf Res., 9:  65-75. (1989) 

Ward, B.B. and O.C. Zafiriou.  Nitrification  and nitric oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific.  Deep-Sea Res., 35:  1127- 1142. (1988) 

Heyman, U.,  B. Heyman, and B.B. Ward.  Cell affinity chromatography for a marine nitrifying bacterium.  IN: C.M. Yentsch, F.C. Mague and P.K. Moran (Eds.), Immunochemical Approaches to Estuarine, Coastal and Oceanographic Questions, Springer-Verlag, pp. 100-116. (1988) 

Ward, B.B.  Nitrogen transformations in the Southern California Bight.  Deep-Sea Res., 34:  785-805. (1987) 

Ward, B.B.  Kinetic studies on ammonia and methane oxidation by Nitrosococcus Oceanus.  Arch. Microbiol., 147:  126-133. (1987) 

Ward, B.B.,  K .A. Kilpatrick, P.C. Novelli, and M.I. Scranton.  Methane oxidation and methane fluxes in the ocean surface layer and in deep anoxic waters.  Nature, 327:  226-229. (1987) 

Ward, B.B.  Nitrification in Marine Environments, pp. 157-184.  IN: J.I. Prosser (Ed.), Nitrification.  Special Publications of the Society for General Microbiology, Vol. 20, IRL Press, Oxford. (1986) 

Codispoti, L.I.,  G.E. Friederich, T.T. Packard,  H.E. Glover,  R.T. Barker,  J.W. Elkins, B.B. Ward,  F. Lipschultz,  and N. Lostaunau.  Extremely high nitrite levels off northern Peru: A signal of instability in the marine denitrification  rate.  Science, 233:  1200-1202. (1986) 

Ward, B.B. and A.F. Carlucci.  Marine ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing  bacteria: Serological diversity determined by immunofluorescence in culture and in the environment.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50:  194-201. (1985) 

Ward, B.B. (Editor).  Aquatic Nitrogen Cycles.  Special Edition of Marine Chemistry.  (1985) 

Ward, B.B.   Light and substrate concentration effects on marine ammonium assimilation and oxidation rates.  Mar., Chem., 16:  301-316. (1985) 

Ward, B.B., M.C. Talbot, and M.J. Perry.  Contributions of phytoplankton and nitrifying bacteria to ammonium and nitrite  dynamics in coastal water.  Cont. Shelf Res., 3:  383-398. (1984) 

Ward, B.B.  Photosynthesis and bacterial utilization of phytoplankton exudates: Results from pre- and post-incubation size fractionation. Oceanol. Acta, 7:  337-343. (1984) 

Karl, D.M.,  G.A. Knauer, J.H. Martin, and B.B. Ward.  Bacterial chemolithotrophy in the ocean is associated with sinking particles.  Nature, 309:  54-56. (1984) 

Ward, B.B.  Autotrophic activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: Combined autoradiography and immunofluorescence for estimation of single cell activity in the primary  nitrite  maximum off the coast of Washington.  Limnol. Oceanogr., 29:  402-410. (1984) 

Ward, B.B.  Oceanic distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria determined by immunofluorescent assay.  J. Mar. Res., 40:  1155-1172. (1982) 

Ward, B.B.,  R.J. Olson, and M.J. Perry.  Microbial  nitrification  rates in the primary  nitrite maximum off Southern California.  Deep-Sea Res., 29: 247-255. (1982) 

Ward, B.B.  and M.J. Perry.  Immunofluorescent assay for the marine ammonium-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosococcus oceanus.   Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 39:  913-918. (1980)